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Tumor markers:- Part 14 – Summary of Tumor markers

January 4, 2025Lab TestsTumor marker

Summary of Tumor markers

Tumor markers are summarised:

Tumor marker Tumor diagnosis or association (origin of tumors)
  • ACTH
  1. Lung small cell carcinoma
  2. Cushing’s syndrome
    ACTH level during 24 hours

    ACTH level during 24 hours

  • AFP
  1. Liver cell carcinoma
  2. Stomach
  3. Colon
  4. Pancreas tumors

 

AFP level in pregnancy and in fetus

AFP level in pregnancy and in fetus

  • BRCA1 gene mutation
  1. Breast cancer
  2. Ovarian tumors

 

BRCA gene on chromosomes

BRCA gene on chromosomes

  • BTA
  • Urinary bladder tumor
  • CA 15-3
  1. Breast
  2. Ovary tumors

 

CA 15-3 use

CA 15-3 use

  • CA 19-9
  1. Liver
  2. G I tract
  • CA 19-5
  1. G I tract
  2. Pancreas
  3. Ovary
  • CA 125
  1. Ovary
  2. Endometrium

 

CA 125 positivity in various tumors

CA 125 positivity in various tumors

  • CA 549
  1. Breast
  2. Ovary
  • CA 27-29
  • Breast
  • CA 50
  1. Pancreas
  2. G I tract
  3. Colon
  • CA 72-4
  1. Ovary
  2. Breast
  3. G I tract
  • CA 242
  1. G I Tract
  2. Pancreas
  • Calcitonin
  • Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid

 

Calcitonin role for Calcium regulation

Calcitonin’s role in Calcium regulation

  • CEA
  1. Colon
  2. Liver
  3. Stomach
  4. Pancreas

 

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) structure

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) structure

  • c-erb B-2/Her-2
  1. Breast
  2. Ovary
  • ER/PR
  • Breast for hormone response

 

ER/PR positive cells

ER/PR positive cells

  • HCG
  • Germ cell tumors

 

HCG specific for pregnancy

HCG specific for pregnancy

  • Hydroxyproline (in urine)
  1. Bone metastasis (breast)
  2. Multiple Myeloma
  • VMA and HVA
  1. Neuroblastoma
  2. Pheochromocytoma
  • MCA
  1. Breast
  2. Ovary
  • M- protein and paraproteins
  • Multiple myeloma
  • PSA
  • Prostate

 

Prostatic specific antigen (PSA) secretion

Prostatic specific antigen (PSA) secretion

  • Serotonin
  1. Carcinoid tumors
  2. Oat cell carcinoma
  • tDT
  • leukemia
  • Philadelphia chromosome
  • Myelocytic leukemia
  • Polyamine (in CSF)
  • Brain tumors
  • Lipid-associated sialic acid
  1. Lung
  2. G I tract
Enzymes
  • Aldose
  • Liver
  • Alkaline phosphatase
  1. Bone
  2. Liver
  3. Sarcoma
  4. Leukemia

 

Alkaline phosphatase in liver cell

Alkaline phosphatase in liver cell

  • Amylase
  • Pancreas

 

Amylase metabolism

Amylase metabolism

  • Creatinine kinase-BB
  1. Prostate
  2. Small cell carcinoma lung
  3. Breast
  4. Colon
  5. Ovary
  • Esterase
  • breast
  • γ-GTT
  • Liver

 

Gamma GT enzyme distribution

Gamma GT enzyme distribution

  • LDH
  1. Liver
  2. Lymphoma
  3. Leukemias
  4. AMI

 

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme and AMI

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme and AMI

  • Neuron-specific enolase
  1. Small cell carcinoma lung
  2. Neuroblastoma
  3. Carcinoid
  4. Melanoma
  5. Pancreas
  • Prostatic acid phosphatase
  • Prostate
  • Pyruvate kinase
  • Liver
  • Thymidine kinase
  1. Leukemias
  2. Lymphomas
  3. Small cell carcinoma lung
Oncofetal antigens 
  • AFP (glycoprotein)
  1. Liver cell carcinoma
  2. Germ cell  (nonseminoma) tumor

 

Neural tube defect and role of estimation of maternal AFP

Neural tube defect and role of estimation of maternal AFP

  • β-oncofetal antigen
  • Colon
  • Carcinofetal ferritin (glycoprotein)
  • Liver
  • CEA  (Glycoprotein)
  1. Colorectal (GItract)
  2. Pancreas
  3. Lung
  4. Breast
  • Pancreatic oncofetal antigen (glycoprotein)
  • Pancreas
  • Squamous cell antigen (glycoprotein)
  1. Cervix
  2. Skin
  3. Lung
  4. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
  • Tissue polypeptide antigen
  1. Colorectal
  2. Breast
  3. Urinary bladder
  • Tennesse antigen (glycoprotein)
  1. Colon
  2. Urinary bladder
  3. Ovary
Proteins as a tumor marker
  • β2-Microglobulin
  1. B-cell lymphoma
  2. Multiple Myeloma
  3. CLL
  4. Walden’s storm macroglobulinemia
  • C-peptide
  • Insulinoma
  • Ferritin
  1. Breast
  2. Liver
  3. Lung
  4. Leukemia
  • Immunoglobulins (M-protein)
  1. Multiple myeloma
  2. Lymphomas
  • Melanoma-associated antigen
  • Melanoma
  • Pancreas associated antigen
  1. Pancreas
  2. Stomach
  • Pregnancy-specific protein 1
  1. Trophoblastic tumors
  2. Germ cell tumor
  • Prothrombin precursor
  • Liver cell carcinoma
  • Tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor
  1. G I tract
  2. Lung
  3. Ovary

 

Possible References Used
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