Immunoglobulin E (IgE)

Sample for Immunoglobulin E (IgE)

• The best sample is fresh serum.

Indications for Immunoglobulin E (IgE)

1. Used to detect allergic diseases.
2. Advised when the patient has:
   1. Itching of the skin and itching of the eyes.
   2. Urticaria and hives.
   3. Asthma and difficulty in breathing.
   4. Skin diseases like eczema.
   5. A cough, congestion.
   6. Sneezing.
   7. Persistent diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.
3. Diagnosis of IgE-myeloma.
4. For the possibility of parasitic diseases.

 Immunoglobulin E (IgE) structure

1. IgE is a monomer form with a molecular weight of 190,000 and 7S.
2. It has an extra domain in the constant portion.
3. It has:
   1. Two epsilon (ε) heavy chains.
   2. One pair of kappa (κ) or lambda (λ) chains.
4. It’s Fc region binds strongly to the receptors on the mast cells and basophil along with antigens.

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) facts:

1. It is 0.004 % of the total immunoglobulins.
2. Its half-life is 2 days.
3. It is mainly involved in type 1 hypersensitivity reactions.
4. It cannot activate the complement system via the classical pathway.
5. It is present in a healthy person’s serum at extremely low concentrations.
6. It attaches to the receptors on basophils and mast cells.

8. There are low-affinity receptors present on the surface of B-lymphocytes and eosinophils.
9. It can not cross the placental barrier.

Normal Value of Immunoglobulin E (IgE)

Source 1

• To convert into SI unit x 1.0 = kIU/L

Another source

• 150 ng/ml on the topic (non-allergic) person.
• or  .002 to 0.2 mg/dl
  • Values vary because of the methodology used.

The raised Immunoglobulin E (IgE) level is seen in the following:

1. Allergic diseases like asthma and skin diseases.
2. Asthma (It is positive in 60% of the patients).
3. Parasitic infestation (Ascariasis, visceral larva migrans, hookworm, Echinococcus, and schistosomiasis).
4. Multiple myeloma produces monoclonal IgE.
5. Hyper IgE syndrome.
6. Hay fever (30% of the patients).
7. Atopic eczema.

Normal or low IgE levels are seen in the following:

• Sometime in asthma.

The decreased Immunoglobulin E (IgE) level is seen in the following:

1. Agammaglobulinemia.
2. Hereditary deficiencies.
3. Non-IgE myeloma.
4. Ataxia-telangiectasia.