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Immunoglobulin D (IgD)

December 20, 2022Immune systemLab Tests

Table of Contents

  • Immunoglobulin D (IgD)
      • Sample for Immunoglobulin D (IgD)
      • Indication of  Immunoglobulin D (IgD)
      • Pathophysiology of Immunoglobulin D (IgD)
      • The normal level of Immunoglobulin D (IgD)
      • Raised level of Immunoglobulin D (IgD) seen in:
      • Decreased level of immunoglobulin D (IgD) seen in:
      • Questions and answers:

Immunoglobulin D (IgD)

Sample for Immunoglobulin D (IgD)

  1. The best sample is fresh serum.
  2. The sample can be stored at 4 °C for less than 72 hours.
  3. Avoid lipemic or hemolyzed samples.
  4. Stable for 6 months at -20 °C.

Indication of  Immunoglobulin D (IgD)

  • It may be advised in IgD myelomas.

Pathophysiology of Immunoglobulin D (IgD)

  1. IgD is a monomer with a molecular weight of 180,000 and is 7 S.
  2. It is 0.2% of the total immunoglobulins and approximately  3 to 5 mg/dl.
    1. It exists in very low concentrations in the plasma.
    2. It has two kappas (κ) or lambda (λ) chains.
    3. Two deltas (δ) heavy chains.
  3. It is 1% of the plasma membrane of the mature B-lymphocytes.
    1. IgD is a cell membrane associated with IgM on the surface of B-lymphocytes.
IgD role as B-L receptor

Immunoglobulin D: IgD role as B-L receptor

  1. There are isolated reports that it has activity against insulin, penicillin, milk, diphtheria toxoid, nuclear antigen, and thyroid antigen.
  2. Its half-life is 2 to 3 days.
  3. It can not cross the placental barrier.
  4. IgD can bind to rubella, diphtheria, measles, and Streptococcus.
  5. This is very sensitive to proteolysis.
Immunoglobulin D (IgD) structure

Immunoglobulin D (IgD) structure

  1.  IgD’s main function is unknown but may be involved in differentiating B-lymphocytes.

The normal level of Immunoglobulin D (IgD)

Source 1

  • Cord blood = >2 mg/dL
  • >16 years = <15 mg/dL
  • Newborn = <1.0 mg/dL
  • Adult = <8 mg/dL
    • To convert to SI unit x 10 = mg/L

Another source

  •  0.3 to 3.0 mg/dl
  • Newborn  =  <1.0 mg/dL
  • Adult        =  <8 mg/dL

Raised level of Immunoglobulin D (IgD) seen in:

  1. In patients with multiple Myeloma cases (IgD myeloma)
  2. It may be seen in hyperimmunoglobulinemia IgD syndrome.
  3. Autoimmune disease.
  4. Chronic infections.

Decreased level of immunoglobulin D (IgD) seen in:

  1. Hereditary deficiencies.
  2. Non-IgD-myeloma.
  3. Infancy early childhood.
  4. Acquired immune deficiency (AIDS).

Questions and answers:

Question 1: What is the role of IgD in the immune system.
Show answer
It is not clear, people believe that it takes parts along with IgM as a B-cell receptor.
Question 2: What is the half-life of IgD.
Show answer
It is 2 to 3 days.

Possible References Used
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