Enzymes:- Part 3 – Diagnostic value of the Various Enzymes in Diseases (Table)
Enzymes
Diagnostic value of the Various Enzymes in Diseases
What Sample will you take for enzyme estimation?
- Most of the enzymes are estimated in the patient’s serum.
What precautions will you take to estimate enzyme levels?
- Avoid hemolysed samples.
- In the case of lipemic serum, you may get the wrong result.
How will you define enzyme?
- Enzymes are protein molecules that catalyze chemical reactions without themselves being altered chemically.
- Each enzyme is specific for a substrate that converts to a defined product.
- Enzymes are diagnostic for various diseases and give information for the recovery or prognosis.
A summary of various enzymes in diseases.
Disease | Enzyme | Initial rise | Peak level | Back to normal |
Acute Pancreatitis | Lipase | 4 to 8 hours | 24 hours | 8 to 14 days |
Amylase | 2 to 12 hours | 12 to 72 hours | 3 to 4 days | |
Acute Viral hepatitis | SGOT (AST) | before the onset of jaundice | 7 to 12 days | 3 to 4 weeks after the onset of jaundice |
SGPT (ALT) | before the onset of jaundice | 7 to 12 days after the onset of jaundice | 3 to 4 weeks after the onset of jaundice | |
Acute Hepatobiliary Obstruction | ALK.Phosphatase | immediately | When an obstruction is relieved | |
Gamma GT (GGT) | Immediately | When an obstruction is relieved | ||
Acute Myocardial Infarction | SGOT (AST) | 6 to 8 hours | 18 to 24 hours | 4 to 5 days |
LDH | 8 to 12 hours | 24 to 48 hours | 7 to 12 days | |
CK-MB | 4 to 6 hours | 12 to 24 hours | after 48 hours | |
Creatine Kinase CK | 6 to 8 hours | 24 to 36 hours | 3 to 4 days | |
Myoglobin | 2 to 3 hours | 6 to 9 hours | 24 to 36 hours | |
Troponin I | 4 to 8 hours | 14 to 18 hours | 5 to 9 days (after 10 days) | |
Troponin T | 4 to 8 hours | 14 to 18 hours | After 14 days (2 to 3 weeks) | |
Prostate | Prostatic acid phosphatase | Raised in prostatic carcinoma | A significant increase was seen in metastasis |