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Electrolytes:- Part 3 – Electrolytes Panel

December 13, 2023Chemical pathologyLab Tests

Table of Contents

Toggle
  • Electrolytes Panel
      • Sample for  Electrolytes Panel
      • How will you define electrolytes?
      • How will you divide Electrolytes?
      • What are Physiological electrolytes?
      • How will you evaluate the electrolyte balance?
      • What are Electrolyte’s functions?
      • Panic or critical values of electrolytes:
      • Questions and answers:

Electrolytes Panel

Sample for  Electrolytes Panel

  1. We need venous blood to prepare the serum.
  2. Also, arterial blood is used for some of the parameters.

How will you define electrolytes?

  • These are the charged low-molecular molecules present in the plasma and the cytosol.
  • Electrolytes are substances that have negative or positive charge when dissolved in water.
  • In an adult, there is about 60% water, which contains these electrolytes.
  • The electrolytes are:
  1. Sodium.
  2. Potassium.
  3. Calcium.
  4. Magnesium.
  5. Chloride.
  6. Bicarbonate.
  7. Phosphate.
  8. Lactate.
  9. Sulfate.
Electrolytes distribution extracellular and intracellular

Electrolytes distribution extracellular and intracellular

How will you divide Electrolytes?

  1. Anions are negatively charged ions that move toward the anode.
  2. Cations are positively charged ions that move toward the cathode.

What are Physiological electrolytes?

  1. Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg+.
  2. HCO3–, H2PO3–, HPO42-, SO4–.
  3. Organic anions are lactate and trace elements.

How will you evaluate the electrolyte balance?

  1. Sodium (Na+).
  2. Potassium (K+).
  3. Chloride (Cl–).
  4. Carbon dioxide (CO2).
  5. Bicarbonate level (HCO3–).
Electrolytes advised.

Electrolytes advised.

What are Electrolyte’s functions?

  1. Maintain the osmotic pressure.
  2. The body is working normally.
  3. It regulates heart rhythm.
  4. Regulate muscle contractions.
  5. Help the brain function.
  6. Cells can generate energy.
  7. Cells can maintain the stability of the cell walls.
  8. Carbon dioxide and Bicarbonate keep the body’s pH normal.
  9. It will Prevent dehydration.
  10. Maintain the acid-base balance (body pH).

Panic or critical values of electrolytes:

Electrolyte Low value (Signs/Symptoms) High value (Signs/Symptoms)
  • Potassium
  1. <2.5 meq/L
    1. Ventricular fibrillation
  1. >8.0 meq/L
    1. Muscle irritability
    2. Myocardial irritability
  • Sodium
  1. <125 meq/L
    1. Weakness
    2. Dehydration
  2. 90 to 105 meq/L
    1. Severe neurologic symptoms
    2. Vascular problems
  1. >152 meq/L
    1. Cardiovascular symptoms
    2. Renal symptoms
  2. >160 meq/L
    1. Heart failure
  • Calcium
  1. 4.4 mg/dL
    1. Teany
    2. Convulsions
  1. >13 mg/dL
    1. Cardiotoxicity
    2. Arrhythmias
    3. Coma
  • Ionized calcium
  1. <2.0 mg/dL
    1. Tetany
    2. Life-threatening complications
  2. 2.0 to 3.0 mg/dL
    1. Complications of multiple blood transfusions
  1. >7.0 mg/dL
    1. Coma
  • Magnesium
  1. <1.2 mg/dL
    1. Tetany
  1. >5.0 mg/dL
    1. CNS depression
    2. Fatigue
    3. Nausea and vomiting
  2. 10.0 to 15.0 mg/dL
    1. ECG changes
    2. Respiratory paralysis
  3. 30.0 mg/dL
    1. Complete heart block
  4. 30.0 to 40.0 mg/dL
    1. Cardiac arrest
  • Chloride
  • <70 meq/L
  • >120 meq/L
  • Phosphate, Inorganic phosphorus
  • <1.0 mg/dL
  • CO2
<10 meq//L (<10 mmol/L) >40 meq/L (>40 mmol/L)

Questions and answers:

Question 1: What is the main function of electrolytes?
Show answer
The main function of the electrolytes is to maintain the pH and osmolality.
Question 2: How will you divide electrolytes?
Show answer
Electrolytes may be anions or cations.
Possible References Used
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