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Electrolytes:- Part 3 – Electrolytes Panel

December 6, 2025Chemical pathologyLab Tests

Electrolytes Panel

What sample is needed for the Electrolytes Panel?

  1. We need venous blood to prepare the serum.
  2. Also, arterial blood is used for some of the parameters.

How will you define electrolytes?

  • These are the charged low-molecular-weight molecules present in the plasma and the cytosol.
  • Electrolytes are substances that acquire a net positive or negative charge when dissolved in water.
  • In an adult, about 60% of the body is water, which contains these electrolytes.

What are the electrolytes present in the blood?

  1. Sodium.
  2. Potassium.
  3. Calcium.
  4. Magnesium.
  5. Chloride.
  6. Bicarbonate.
  7. Phosphate.
  8. Lactate.
  9. Sulfate.
Electrolytes Panel: Electrolytes distribution in the cells and extracellular space

Electrolytes Panel: Electrolyte distribution in the cells and extracellular space

How will you divide Electrolytes?

  1. Anions are negatively charged ions that move toward the anode.
  2. Cations are positively charged ions that move toward the cathode.

What are Physiological electrolytes?

  1. Na+, K+, Ca+, Mg+.
  2. HCO3–, H2PO3–, HPO42-, SO4–.
  3. Organic anions are lactate and trace elements.

How will you evaluate the electrolyte balance?

  1. Sodium (Na+).
  2. Potassium (K+).
  3. Chloride (Cl–).
  4. Carbon dioxide (CO2).
  5. Bicarbonate level (HCO3–).
Electrolytes Panel: Electrolytes advised and functions

Electrolytes Panel: Electrolytes are advised, and their functions are.

What are electrolytes’ functions?

  1. Maintain the osmotic pressure.
  2. The body is working normally.
  3. It regulates the heart rhythm.
  4. Regulate muscle contractions.
  5. Help the brain function.
  6. Cells can generate energy.
  7. Cells can maintain the stability of the cell walls.
  8. Carbon dioxide and Bicarbonate keep the body’s pH normal.
  9. It will prevent dehydration.
  10. Maintain the acid-base balance (body pH).

What are the Panic or critical values of electrolytes?

Electrolyte Low value (Signs/Symptoms) High value (Signs/Symptoms)
  • Potassium
  1. <2.5 meq/L
    1. Ventricular fibrillation
  1. >8.0 meq/L
    1. Muscle irritability
    2. Myocardial irritability
  • Sodium
  1. <125 meq/L
    1. Weakness
    2. Dehydration
  2. 90 to 105 meq/L
    1. Severe neurologic symptoms
    2. Vascular problems
  1. >152 meq/L
    1. Cardiovascular symptoms
    2. Renal symptoms
  2. >160 meq/L
    1. Heart failure
  • Calcium
  1. 4.4 mg/dL
    1. Teany
    2. Convulsions
  1. >13 mg/dL
    1. Cardiotoxicity
    2. Arrhythmias
    3. Coma
  • Ionized calcium
  1. <2.0 mg/dL
    1. Tetany
    2. Life-threatening complications
  2. 2.0 to 3.0 mg/dL
    1. Complications of multiple blood transfusions
  1. >7.0 mg/dL
    1. Coma
  • Magnesium
  1. <1.2 mg/dL
    1. Tetany
  1. >5.0 mg/dL
    1. CNS depression
    2. Fatigue
    3. Nausea and vomiting
  2. 10.0 to 15.0 mg/dL
    1. ECG changes
    2. Respiratory paralysis
  3. 30.0 mg/dL
    1. Complete heart block
  4. 30.0 to 40.0 mg/dL
    1. Cardiac arrest
  • Chloride
  • <70 meq/L
  • >120 meq/L
  • Phosphate, Inorganic phosphorus
  • <1.1 mg/dL
  1. Neurological S/S
  2. Muscle weakness
  3. Cardiac arrhythmias
  • None
  1. Muscle cramps
  2. Tetany
  3. Seizur
  4. Hypertension
  • CO2
  • <10 meq//L (<10 mmol/L)
  1. Metabolic acidosis
  2. Neurological S/S
  3. Cardiac arrhythmias
  • >40 meq/L (>40 mmol/L)
  1. Metabolic alkalosis
  2. Neurological symptoms
  3. Cardiac arrhythmias
  4. Shallow breathing

 

Questions and answers:

Question 1: What is the main function of electrolytes?
Question 2: How will you divide electrolytes?
Possible References Used
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