×

Difference Between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Complications

February 16, 2024BlogPreventive health

Difference Between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

  • Type 1 Diabetes mellitus is mostly seen in the younger age group
  • While type 2 is seen in most adults and older people.

What is the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus?

Diabetes mellitus pathogenesis

Diabetes mellitus pathogenesis

How will you differentiate between diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2?

Differentiating points Type 2 Diabetes mellitus Type 1 Diabetes mellitus
  • Occurrence
  1. 90% to 95% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes Mellitus.
  2. It is called non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) or adult-onset diabetes mellitus
  1. 5% to 10% of the diagnosed cases of diabetes Mellitus.
  2. It is called insulin-dependent (IDDM), or juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus
  • Age onset
  1. This is called adult-onset.
  2. But this may be seen even in children when they are overweight.
  1. This is called juvenile-onset.
  2. This may be seen even in older patients.
  • Signs and symptoms
  1. It is associated with:
    1. It is easy to miss the diagnosis; symptoms appear more slowly
    2. Obesity is present in 80% to 90% of the cases.
    3. old age
    4. Hypertension
  1. Symptoms appear more quickly
  2. Diabetic ketoacidosis is common
  • Pathogenesis
  1.  The pancreas may not produce enough insulin.
  2. Or the body may not respond properly to the insulin produced.
  3. There is insulin resistance in muscles and fat.
  1. The pancreas does not produce enough insulin
  2.  The autoimmune system destroys the pancreatic beta-islet-cells
  3. Antibodies are present in 85% to 90% of the cases.
  • Risk factors
  1. Family history of diabetes mellitus
  2. Old age
  3. Obesity
  4. In the female with a prior history of gestational diabetes
  5. Impaired glucose tolerance
  6. Lake of physical activity
  7. Race and ethnicity
  1. Clearly not understood
  2. It may be an autoimmune phenomenon
  3. This may be genetic in origin
  4. There may be environmental factors
  • Treatment
 This may be as follows:

  1. A healthy diet
  2. Weight loss in case of overweight
  3. Regular exercise
  4. Monitoring of the blood glucose level (frequent blood glucose testing)
  5. Some people may control by only:
    1. Exercise
    2. Diet
  6. However, the disease is progressive so that the patient may need drugs and, ultimately, insulin.
  1. These patients need meal management.
  2. Regular checking of the blood glucose (3 to 4 times/day)
  3. Several injections of the insulin according to glucose level.
  4. Advise healthy diet
  5. Regular physical exercise
  • Complications
  1. Microangiopathy
  2. Retinopathy
  3. Immature cataract
  4. Glaucoma
  5. Hypertension
  6. Atherosclerosis
  7.  Myocardial infarction
  8.  Nephropathy
  9. Erectile dysfunction
  10. Skin infection
  11. Peripheral neuropathy
  12. Gangrene foot

What are the complications of diabetes mellitus?

Difference Between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Diabetes Mellitus complications

Difference Between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Diabetes Mellitus complications

Possible References Used
Go Back to Blog

Add Comment



The reCAPTCHA verification period has expired. Please reload the page.

Copyright © 2014 - 2025. All Rights Reserved.
Web development by Farhan Ahmad.