Urine Normal Values, and Their Significance
Urine Normal Values
Urine normal values are:
Urine substances to be checked | Normal values | Collection timings | Significance |
Physical characteristics | |||
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A random and fresh sample |
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Variable, pale-yellow to dark amber | A random sample | Red color urine, check for hemoglobin |
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Faint aromatic | A random sample | Urine from a diabetic patient has a fruity (acetone) odor. |
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Chemical characteristics | |||
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24 hours urine sample | It is part of the acid-base balance. |
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24 hours urine sample | |
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24 hours urine sample | |
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0 to 3 mg/day | 24 hours urine sample | |
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10 to 35 g (average 15 g) | 24 hours urine sample | |
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24 hours urine sample | |
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24 hours urine sample | |
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0.5 to 2.2 g (average 1.0 g) | 24 hours urine sample | |
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24 hours urine sample | |
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24 hours urine sample | |
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A random sample (Check within one hour) |
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Negative | A random sample | |
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24 hours urine sample |
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Microscopic characteristics | |||
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A random sample | The persistent presence of RBCs in the urine needs thorough investigations |
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0/HPF | A random sample | Indicates hemorrhage in the nephron |
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A random sample | Urine culture should be done when increased WBCs are found |
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Negative | A random urine sample | Seen in renal inflammatory diseases |
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A random sample | |
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Occasional 0 to 2/HPF | A random sample | Usually seen when there is damage to the glomerular capillary membrane |
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Occasional 0 to 2/HPF | A random sample | These indicate renal disease |
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Negative | A random sample | In renal failure (severe renal disease) |
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Negative | A random urine sample | Seen in diabetic nephropathy |
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Absent | A random urine sample | UTI due to Trichomonas vaginalis |
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Absent | A random urine sample | Genitourinary infection |

Summary of the urine analysis
Questions and answers:
Q1: What is the significance of a waxy cast.
Q2: Is there any significance of the amylase in the urine.
Respected Doctor sahab,
Recently my sister’s 90 years old mother in law had a urine test.
Following is an excerpt from her urine test report:
“Urine r/e – sugar trace, 1 – 2 epi cells, 2 – 4 WBC, occ RBC. Urine culture: No growth”.
Instead of mentioning the number of RBC, the hospital has mentioned “occ RBC” .
1. What does “occ RBC” mean?
2. How many RBC is meant by “occ RBC”?
3. Does it indicate any serious condition?
I would be grateful if you kindly let me know.
Best regards.
Occasional RBC is normal. WBC 2 to 4, Epithelial cells 1 to 2 are normal. Sugar trace needs workup to rule out diabetes mellitus. There is no need to worry about RBC, WBC, and epithelial cells.
Dear Doctor Sir,
Hope you are doing good, recently my mother was diagnosed with diabetes, in her urine examination report it says a few things I want to clarify that:
Urine MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
1. Pus cells : 0 – 2 /HPF; is it normal or something to worry?
2. Red Blood Cells : Absent /HPF; HPF is normal or something alarming?
3. SUGAR : Present 1.0 %.
Is it expected that a person with diabetes has glucose/ sugar present in their urine?
WBC 0 t0 2 are normal. Mostly RBCs are absent in the urine. Only urine sugar is abnormal, and it appears in the urine when the blood sugar level is above 180 mg/dL. As a rule, urine should be negative for sugar. So you can control Diabetes mellitus by checking the urine sugar, which should always be negative.