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Summary Urine Normal Values, Their Significance

April 23, 2023Lab TestsUrine Analysis

Urine Normal Values Summary

Urine normal values are:

Urine substances to be checked Normal values Collection timings Significance
Physical characteristics  
  • pH
  1. 4.7 to 7.7
  2. Average = acidic 6.0
  • A random and fresh sample
  1. Urine pH never reaches 9
  2. In the case of pH 9, test the fresh sample
  • Color
  1. Variable
  2. Pale-yellow to dark amber
  • A random sample
  1. Red color urine
  2. Check for hemoglobin
  • Odor
  • Faint aromatic
  • A random sample
  1. Urine from a diabetic patient has a fruity (acetone) odor.
  • Volume
  1. Normal range = 1200 to 2000 mL
  2. Average = 1400 mL
  3. Extreme range = 600 to 3600 mL
  1. A random sample
  2. 24-hour urine sample
  1. Polyuria increased urine output
  2. Polyuria with normal BUN and creatinine.
  3. Oliguria <200 mL in adult
  • Specific gravity
  1. 1.008 to 1.030
  2. Average = 1.018
  3. 1.012 to 1.025
  4. Concentrated urine = 1.025 to 1.030+
  5. Dilute urine =1.001 to 1.010
  6. Infant <2 years = 1.001 to 1.018
  1. A Random sample
  2. 24-hour urine sample
  • Specific gravity is the measurement of the kidneys’ ability to concentrate urine.
  • Blood
  1. Negative
  • A random sample
  • It is seen in various conditions of the urinary tract
Chemical characteristics  
  • Glucose
  1. Quantitative = nil
  2. 1 to 15 mg (60 to 830 µmol/L)
  3. <0.5 g/day (<2.8 mmol/day)
  1. A random sample
  2. 24-hour urine sample
  3. 24-hour urine sample
  1. Urine glucose >1000mg/dL (>55 mmol/L)
  2. Test blood glucose
  3. Inform the physician
  • Ketones
  • Negative
  • A random sample
  1. Ketonuria indicates diabetic crises
  2. It may be seen in starvation
  • Albumin
  1. Adult male = 10 to 140 mg/L (1 to 14 mg/dL)
  2. Adult female = 30 to 100 mg/L (3 to 10 mg/dL)
  3. Child <10 years = 10 to 100 mg/L (1 to 10 mg/dL)
  1. 24-hour urine sample
  2. 24-hour urine sample
  3. 24-hour urine sample
  1. Adult = Proteinuria >2000 mg/24 hours.
  2. Child = ≥40 mg/24 hours
  3. indicate glomerular disease
  • Microalbumin
  1. <30 mg/day
  2. <20 mg/L
  1. 24-hour urine sample
  2. 10 hours of urine collection
  • Indicate diabetic nephropathy
  • Protein
  1. Qualitative =nil
  2. Quantitative = 0 to 0.1 g/24 hours
  • 24-hour urine sample
  • Indicate renal disease
  • Bicarbonate
  • Nil
  • HCO3 is estimated in the acid-base balance
  • Chloride (as NaCl)
  1. 5 to 20 g (85 to 340 meq)
  2. Average = 10 g (170 meq)
  3. Adult = 140 to 250 meq/24 hours (140 to 250 mmol/day)
  4. Child <6 years = 15 to 40 meq/24 hours (15 to 40 mmol/day)
  5. Child 10 to 14 years = 64 to 176 meq/24 hours (64 to176 mmol/day)
  6. Values vary with salt intake and perspiration.
  • 24-hour urine sample
  • It is part of the acid-base balance.
  • Creatinine
  1. Male = 14 to 26 mg/kg/body weight/day  (124 to230 µmol/kg/day)
  2. Female = 11 to 20 mg/kg/body weight/day  (97 to 177µmol/kg/day)
  • 24-hour urine sample
  • Creatine
  1. Male = 0 to 50 mg
  2. Female = 0 to 150 mg
  3. Children = 5.4 to 13.7 mg/kg/body weight
  • 24-hour urine sample
  • Cystine
  1. Random sample = negative
  2. Adult = <38 mg/day
  3. Child = 5 to 31 mg/day
  1. A random urine sample
  2. 24-hour urine sample
  3. 24-hour urine sample
  • Lysozyme
  • 0 to 3 mg/day
  • 24-hour urine sample
  • Urea
  • 10 to 35 g (average 15 g)
  • 24-hour urine sample
  • Uric acid
  1. 0.3 to 0.7 g
  2. With normal diet = 250 to 750 mg/day (1.48 to 4.43 mmol/day)
  3. With purine free diet = <400 mg/day (<2.48 mmol/day)
  4. With high purine diet = <1000 mg/day (<5.9 mmol/day)
  • 24-hour urine sample
  • Calcium
  1. 50 to 400 mg (2.5 to 20 meq)
  2. Normal diet = 100 to 300 mg/day (2.5 to 7.5 mmol/day)
  3. Low-calcium diet = 50 to 150 mg/day (1.25 to 3.75 mmol/day)
  • 24-hour urine sample
  • Magnesium
  1. 75 to 150 mg/day (3.0 to 6.0 meq/day
  2. or 3.0 to 6.0 mmol/day
  • Sodium
  1. 80 to 290 meq
  2. Adult = 40 to 220 meq/24 hours (40 to 220 mmol/day)
  3. Child = 41 to 115 meq/24 hours 41 to 115 mmol/day)
  4. Values depend upon diet
  1. 24-hour urine sample
  • Potassium
  1. 25 to 100 meq
  2. Adult = 25 to 125 meq/24 hours (25 to 125 mmol/day)
  3. Child = 10 to 60 meq/24 hours (10 to 60 mmol/day)
  4. Values depend upon diet
  1. 24-hour urine sample
  • Phosphate
  • 0.5 to 2.2 g (average 1.0 g)
  • 24-hour urine sample
  • Oxalate
  1. Men = <55 mg/day (<6.11 µmol/day)
  2. Women = <50 mg/day (<555 µmol/day)
  • 24-hour urine sample
  • Sulfates
  1. Inorganic = 0.25 to 1.25 g
  2. Total = 0.36 to 1.44 g
 24-hour urine sample
  • Bilirubin
  1. Negative
  2. May find 0 to 0.02 mg/dL (0 to 0.34 µmol/L)
  • A random sample (Check within one hour)
  1. Urine bilirubin is negative in hemolytic disease.
  2. It appears in the urine before other S/S of liver disease
  • Urobilinogen
  1. Random sample = <1 mg/dL
  2. 2 hours sample = <1 mg/2 hours
  3. 24-hour sample = 0.5 to 4.0 mg/day
  1. A random sample
  2. Collect 2 hours of a urine sample
  3. Collect 24 hours urine sample
  1. It rapidly decomposed at room temperature
  2. Also, when exposed to light
  • Ammonia
  • 10 to 105 meq
  • 24-hour urine sample
  • It is part of the acid-base balance
  • Hemoglobin
  • Negative
  • A random sample
  • It indicates extensive burns or crushing injuries
  • Myoglobin
 Negative
  • A random sample
  • Nitrite
  • Negative
  • A random sample (Fasting sample is better)
  • A negative test does not rule out bacteria in the urine
  • Leukocyte esterase
  • Negative
  • A random sample
  • The positive test needs a urine culture
  • HCG
  1. Pregnant = positive
  2. Nonpregnant = Negative
  • A random urine sample
  • It is advised in pregnancy and follow-up of tumors
  • 5-hydroxy indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)
  1. Qualitative= negative
  2. Quantitative = 2 to 7 mg/day (11 to 37 µmol/day)
  1. A random sample
  2. 24-hour urine sample
  • It helps to diagnose carcinoid tumors
  • Vanilylmandelic acid (VMA)
  1. Adult =up to 9 mg/day (up to 45 µmol/day)
  2. Children’s values are different
  • 24-hour urine sample
  1. It is advised to diagnose pheochromocytoma
  2. It is raised in neuroblastoma
  • Catecholamines
  1. Catecholamine total = <1000 µg/day (<591 nmol/day)
  2. Epinephrine = 0 to 20 µg/day (0 to 109 nmol/day)
  3. Metanephrine = 74 to 297 µg/day (375 to 1506 nmol/day)
  4. Norepinephrine = 15 to 80 µg/day (89 to 473 nmol/day)
  5. Normetanephrine = 105 to 354 µg/day (573 to 1933 nmol/day)
  6. Dopamine = 65 to 400 µg/day (420 to 2612 nmol/day)
  7. Children’s values are different
  • 24-hour urine sample
  1. These are advised in pheochromocytoma
  2. Other tumors produce catecholamines.
  • Porphyrins
  • Qualitative = Negative
  • A random urine sample
  • It diagnoses porphyrias, lead poisoning, liver diseases, pellagra, and Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
  • Porphobilinogen
  1. Random sample = 0 to 20 mg/L (negative or 0 to 8.8 µmol/L)
  2. 0 to 1.5 mg/day (0 to 6.6 mg/day)

 
  1. A random urine sample
  2. 24-hour urine sample
  • It diagnoses diseases like porphyrins.
  • Amylase
  1. 2 hours sample = 2 to 34 U (or 16 to 283 nkat/hours)
  2. 24 to 408 U ( or 400 to 6800 nkat/day)
  1. 2 hours urine sample
  2. 24-hour urine sample
  • It is increased in acute pancreatitis, mumps, or trauma to the pancreas
  • It is increased in pancreatic cancers,
  • Phenylketonuria
  1. Random  = Negative dipstick
  2. Phenylalanine = Positive in the range of 5 to 10 mg/dL (302 to 605 µmol/day)
  3. 7 to 10 weeks after birth = 1.2 to 1.7 mg/day
  4. Adult = <16.5 mg/day (<100 µmol/day)
  5. Children (3 to 12 years) = 4.0 to 17.5 mg/day (24 to 106 µmol/day)
  1. A random urine sample
  2. 24-hour urine sample
  3. 24-hour urine sample
  4. 24-hour urine sample
  5. 24-hour urine sample
Microscopic characteristics  
  • RBCs
  1. 0 to 3 RBCs/HPF
  2. 0/Low power field
  • A random sample
  • The persistent presence of RBCs in the urine needs thorough investigations
  • RBC cast
  • 0/HPF
  • A random sample
  • Indicates hemorrhage in the nephron
  • WBCs
  1. 0 to 4/HPF
  2. Female = slightly more
  • A random sample
  • Urine culture should be done when increased WBCs are found
  • WBC cast
  • Negative
  • A random urine sample
  • Seen in renal inflammatory diseases
  • Epithelial cells
  1. Renal tubular cells= 0 to 3/HPF
  2. Squamous cells = Commonly seen
  • A random sample
  • Hyaline cast
  • Occasional 0 to 2/HPF
  • A random sample
  • Usually seen when there is damage to the glomerular capillary membrane
  • Granular cast
  • Occasional 0 to 2/HPF
  • A random sample
  • These indicate renal disease
  • Waxy cast
  • Negative
  • A random sample
  • In renal failure (severe renal disease)
  • Fatty cast
  • Negative
  • A random urine sample
  • Seen in diabetic nephropathy
  • Trichomonas vaginalis
  • Absent
  • A random urine sample
  • UTI due to Trichomonas vaginalis
  • Yeast cell
  • Absent
  • A random urine sample
  • Genitourinary infection
Urine normal values: Summary of the urine analysis

Urine normal values: Summary of the urine analysis

Questions and answers:

Q1: What is the significance of a waxy cast?

Q2: Is there any significance of the amylase in the urine?

Possible References Used
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Comments

Guruprasad Panamalai Reply
August 9, 2022

Respected Doctor sahab,

Recently my sister’s 90 years old mother in law had a urine test.

Following is an excerpt from her urine test report:

“Urine r/e – sugar trace, 1 – 2 epi cells, 2 – 4 WBC, occ RBC. Urine culture: No growth”.

Instead of mentioning the number of RBC, the hospital has mentioned “occ RBC” .

1. What does “occ RBC” mean?
2. How many RBC is meant by “occ RBC”?
3. Does it indicate any serious condition?

I would be grateful if you kindly let me know.

Best regards.

Dr. Riaz Reply
August 9, 2022

Occasional RBC is normal. WBC 2 to 4, Epithelial cells 1 to 2 are normal. Sugar trace needs workup to rule out diabetes mellitus. There is no need to worry about RBC, WBC, and epithelial cells.

Amz Mathew Reply
December 11, 2022

Dear Doctor Sir,
Hope you are doing good, recently my mother was diagnosed with diabetes, in her urine examination report it says a few things I want to clarify that:

Urine MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
1. Pus cells : 0 – 2 /HPF; is it normal or something to worry?
2. Red Blood Cells : Absent /HPF; HPF is normal or something alarming?
3. SUGAR : Present 1.0 %.

Is it expected that a person with diabetes has glucose/ sugar present in their urine?

Dr. Riaz Reply
December 12, 2022

WBC 0 t0 2 are normal. Mostly RBCs are absent in the urine. Only urine sugar is abnormal, and it appears in the urine when the blood sugar level is above 180 mg/dL. As a rule, urine should be negative for sugar. So you can control Diabetes mellitus by checking the urine sugar, which should always be negative.

Marvin A Claro Reply
February 22, 2023

GoodMorning sir can i ask what is my case. I had a resut of plus2 in Blood and my RBC is 0-2 and WBC is 0-2 may i ask if there is a problem? I already undergo urine culture but they found nothing on my Urine

Dr. Riaz Reply
February 22, 2023

I think your urine findings are normal unless you have any symptoms. Just drink at least 6 to 8 glasses of water for a few days. That is best if you drink water in the morning on an empty stomach.

Terry Zack Reply
March 27, 2023

Dear DR Riaz,
I recently had a Urinalyses test and my WBC was 6-10/HPF w/ WBC clumps present,
with a Urine culture of no growth in one day. Everything else is Negative.
Should I seek further Medical Advise.

Dr. Riaz Reply
March 27, 2023

In females, WBCs are more than in males. But clumps of WBCs indicate infection. You need to repeat urine analysis and culture. Do you have any symptoms like burning micturition?

Terry Zack Reply
March 27, 2023

Dr Riaz,
No burning or trouble urinating. No aches or pains in back. I’m a 70 year old Male, having Lazer therapy for a bad case of toe nail fungus and just had STREP
throat two weeks ago. Do you think this has a bearing on the WBC Thanks,,,

Yakubu Nana Fatimah Reply
March 30, 2023

I am pregnant and I undergo a urinalysis test and the results says blood positive 1, ketones positive 1 and protein

Dr. Riaz Reply
March 30, 2023

Ketone indicates that you are not eating properly or vomiting. First, you improve your food and then check your urine again.

Kritika Mridha Reply
April 11, 2023

Dear Doctor Sir,
My sister’s age is 1 year and 5 months. Urine Routine Examination is done . The result is
Chemical Examination:
Urine for Specific Gravity >=1.030
Reaction(pH) 5.500
Albumin Nil
Sugar Nil
Phosphate Nil
Bilirubin Nil
Urobilinogen Absent
Nitrite Nil
ketone Nil
Microscope Examination :
Epithelial Cells 2-4 /HPF
RBC Nil /HPF
Pus Cells 2-4 /HPF
cellular Cast Nil /LPF
Granular Casts Nil /LPF
Hyaline casts Nil /LPF
Calcium Oxalate Nil
Triple Phosphate Nil
Uric Acid Nil
Amorphous phosphate Nil
Urates Nil
Is this Ok?

Dr. Riaz Reply
April 11, 2023

The urine looks normal.

Horain Reply
April 18, 2023

A.o.A sir
My brothers age is 28
For about 4 months he is facing a problem. When he urinates the colour of urine is dark brown like coke but once in a month. Plz can you tell me the reason.

Dr. Riaz Reply
April 18, 2023

Most likely, hemoglobin is giving the color. But he needs to work up for hemoglobinuria. That is abnormal. Please consult a good physician to find the cause of hemoglobinuria.

Horain Reply
April 18, 2023

Hemoglobin level in his test is ** traces

RASHEED Reply
April 25, 2023

GOOD EVENING DOCTOR
MY RBC IS GIVEN 10-12/HPF
PUS CELLS 2-3 HPF
EPITHELIAL CELLS 1-2
CALCIUM OXALATE CRYSTALS 18/20HPF
pLEASE GIVE ME THE ANALYSIS REPORT

RASHEED Reply
April 25, 2023

GOOD EVENING DOCTOR

MY RBC IS GIVEN 10-12/HPF
PUS CELLS 2-3 HPF
EPITHELIAL CELLS 1-2/HPF
CALCIUM OXALATE CRYSTALS 18-20/HPF
pLEASE GIVE ME THE ANALYSIS REPORT

Dr. Riaz Reply
April 25, 2023

This urine report only shows increased RBCs 10 to 12/HPF. This may be due to calcium oxalate crystalluria. Please drink more water, mainly empty stomach, at least 2 to 3 glasses. Then repeat urine after 2 to 3 weeks.

Cary Reply
May 15, 2023

Hello. 56 year old male. I’ve been having abdominal pain recently (below navel) and have been treated for prostatitis over the past 2 years (several rounds of antibiotics, tamsulosin most of that time,

Dr. Riaz Reply
May 15, 2023

I can suggest an ultrasound abdomen. Or consult a physician to find the cause of pain.

M-Shaon Reply
May 21, 2023

Hello sir
My urin examination result is
Ph-5.5
Protein-Trace
Ketone-nil
Bilirubin candent
Glocous-nil
Rbc-nil
Wbc-nil
Cast-nil
Is report normal sir

Dr. Riaz Reply
May 22, 2023

Please check the presence of protein trace. I hope you are not diabetic?

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