History of Pathology

• Collected the data of various discoveries and landmarks in the history of pathology.

History of Hematology

1. 1642 = Anthony van Leeuwenhoek made a microscope and first time noted the cells in the blood.
2. 1770 = William Hewson is called as the father of hematology introduced the clotting features of blood. He also commented on white blood cells.
3. 1818 = James Blundell successfully completed the first blood transfusion between humans.
4. 1842 = Donne discovered the platelets in.
5. 1846 = Guillver differentiated the granulocytes from the lymphocytes.
6. 1874 = Malassez counted the white blood cells with the help of hemocytometry.
7. 1875 = Hayem defined the method for counting of the platelets.
8. 1879 = Ehrlich used aniline dyes to stain the white blood cells.
9. 1901 = Karl Landsteiner and his associates defined the different blood groups: A, B, AB, and O.
10. 1914 = Richard Lewsisohn discovered how sodium citrate can be used to store the blood.
11. 1936 = First blood bank was made in Chicago USA.
12. 1961 = The role of platelets was identified in the treatment of cancer patients.
13. 1971 = Blood was screened for the hepatitis B virus.
14. 1983 = HIV virus was discovered by the doctors of France and the USA.

History of Surgical Pathology

1. 980 – 1037 = Avicena Muslim physician gave the concept of contagion.
2. 1091- 1161 = Arabian physician Avenzoar made the first postmortem dissection.
   1. He proved that the skin disease scabies was caused by a parasite.
3. 1242 = Ibn al-Nafis used dissection to discover the pulmonary circulation.
4. 1443 – 1502 = = Antonio Benivieni did repeatedly anatomic dissection to find the cause of death.
   1. He also introduced the necropsy.
5. 1682 – 1771 = Giovanni Morgagni described the gross pathology.
   1. 1761 = His paper was published describing the 600 partial or complete autopsies.
6. 1821 -1902 = Rudolf Virchow is generally recognized as the father of microscopic pathology. he showed the manifestation of the diseases at the cellular level.
7. Islamic Golden age = Scientific methods for medicines started in the middle east.
8. Italian Renaissance = Medicine development started in western Europe.
9. Hippocrates the Greek physician is the founder of scientific medicine and was the first to deal with the anatomy and pathology of the human body.
10. Galen developed an interest in anatomy.
11. Late 1800 = There was enough literature produced on the gross anatomical pathology findings characteristics of the known diseases.
12. 1804 – 1878 = Viennese pathologist (from the Czech Republic) has his research on gross pathology.
13. 1804 to 1878 = Carl Rokitansky who performed 20,000 autopsies and supervised an additional 60,000 in his lifetime.
14. 1839 – 1884 = Julius Cohnhein the student of the Virchow combined the histology techniques with experimental manipulation to study the inflammation, made him an experimental pathologist.
    1. He also introduced the frozen section.