Urine for Phosphorus

Sample Urine for Phosphorus

1. The test sample is urine.
2. Collect urine for 24 hours.

Procedure to collect the 24 hours urine sample:

1. Note down the time and empty the urinary bladder.
2. Now collect all the urine samples till the 24 hours are completed.
3. Empty the urinary bladder when the time is finished.

Acidify the urine with acid and add HCL:

1. Acidify with HCL, and If pH <3 then urine is stable for 6 months.
2. The vial should be washed with acid.
3. Containers should be detergent free.
4. Instruct the patient to void the first sample and note the time.
5. After that, collect all the samples until 24 hours are completed.
6. Now void the last sample in the container.
7. Refrigerate the urine sample during collection.

indications Urine for Phosphorus

1. It helps in finding kidney problems.
2. It helps to find the causes of kidney stones.
3. Phosphorus levels will give an idea about renal or bone disease.

 Pathophysiology of Phosphorus

1. Phosphorus in the body is in the form of phosphate, so phosphorus and phosphate are used interchangeably.
2. The urine phosphate test measures the amount of mineral phosphate in the urine sample collected over a 24-hour period.

Phosphorus functions:

1. The body needs phosphate :
   1. To build and repair the bones and teeth.
   2. To help nerves function.
   3. To help in muscle contraction.

Distribution of the body phosphorus:

1. 85% of the phosphate is in the bones.

1. The kidneys help control the amount of phosphate in the blood.
   1. The extra amount of phosphate is excreted by the kidneys in urine.
   2. Phosphate is a charged particle (ion) that contains the mineral phosphorus.
   3. The extra phosphate is filtered by the kidneys and passes out of the body in the urine.
   4. Kidney diseases can affect the phosphate level in the urine.
2. If the blood has less phosphate, it is less in the urine.
3. Eating a meal high in phosphorus will increase the phosphate level.
4. High levels of vitamin D and an overactive parathyroid gland increase the phosphorus level.

 Normal phosphorus

Source 1

Phosphorus, inorganic in the urine:

• Constant daily diet = <1.0 g/day (<32.3 mmol/day).
• Nonrestricted diet = 0.4 to 1.31 g/day  (12.9 to 42.0 mmol/day).
  • Constant daily diet = 0.9 to 1.5 g (29 to 48 mmol) phosphorus and calcium 10 mg/kg (0.25 mmol/Kg)

Another source

• Adult = 0.4 to 1.3 grams / 24-hour urine sample.
• Calcium- and phosphate-restricted diet = < 1.0 g per 24-hour urine sample.

 Raised urine phosphate is seen in the following:

1. Kidney diseases.
2. Hyperparathyroidism).
3. Excessive intake of vitamin D.

 Decreased phosphate level in the blood is seen in:

1. When the level is <2.5 mg/dL in the blood.
   1. Hypoparathyroidism.
   2. Kidney diseases.
   3. Liver diseases.
   4. Severe malnutrition.
   5. In hospitalized patients.

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