Risk factors for Diabetes Mellitus and Recommendations

Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus and Recommendations

• The risk for diabetes increases with age. So, it is recommended that blood glucose and HbA1c be checked every three years after 45 years.

Diabetes mellitus pathogenesis

• American Diabetes Association recommends frequent testing for young people who have a high-risk family.

What are the risk factors for diabetes mellitus?

1. The people who are >20% overweight.
2. With a strong family history of diabetes.
3. With the presence of high blood pressure.
4. With a history of high cholesterol.
5. In the case of a history of gestational diabetes mellitus.
6. If a lady gives birth to a baby with >9 pounds weight.
7. In the case of abnormal glucose tolerance.
   1. On two or more occasions, the fasting glucose level was between 110 mg/dL and 125 mg/dL.
   2. The oral glucose tolerance test shows that the 2 hours of glucose ranged between 140 mg/dL and 199 mg/dL.
   3. If one has abnormal glucose tolerance, one is at risk of developing diabetes mellitus each year, which is 1% to 10%.
   4. The more inactive you are and the more overweight you are, the more chances you have to develop diabetes mellitus in abnormal glucose tolerance.
8. Abnormal glucose tolerance is the warning sign, and you can prevent developing diabetes by:
   1. Modification of the lifestyle.
   2. Diet control.
   3. Do routine exercise.
   4. Can start metformin
9. In females with polycystic ovary syndrome.
10. In females with abnormal hormone disorders marked by insulin resistance.
11. There is increased risk among African Americans, Asian Americans, Native Americans, Pacific Islanders, and Hispanic Americans.

Diabetes mellitus risk factors

What are the recommendations for diabetes for the increased risk group?

1. The American Diabetes Association recommends checking blood glucose every 2 years after the age of 10 years.
2. Frequent checking in overweight children, particularly if they have other additional issues.